Image sensors and camera modules convert optical input into electrical signals, enabling machines to capture, process, and analyze visual data. These sensors—such as CMOS and CCD—are core components in embedded vision systems, supporting applications like object detection, barcode scanning, facial recognition, and machine vision. Available in various resolutions, interfaces, and form factors, image sensors and camera modules are widely used in consumer electronics, automotive systems, industrial automation, and smart devices requiring reliable visual input and real-time processing.